ABSTRACT
The coeliac trunk is the branch of the abdominal aorta at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. Its branches namely left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries supply the primary organs of the supracolic abdominal compartment namely the stomach, pancreas, spleen and liver. In this article, we report case series of three cases in male cadavers aged 65yrs, 60yrs and 70yrs respectively in the Department of Anatomy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences and MVJ Medical College and Research Institute wherein we discovered that the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk varied from the usual pattern, thus the specimens were photographed to understand further. The observation of first case, common trunk from abdominal aorta showed common hepatic and superior mesenteric artery and left gastric and splenic artery aroused as another common trunk from abdominal aorta. The second case showed the superior mesenteric artery arising from coeliac trunk and the third case was observed the inferior phrenic arteries were arising from coeliac trunk. Knowledge of this variable anatomy may be useful in planning and executing surgical or radiological interventions.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Meniscal tears are commonly encountered in clinical practice and cause significant musculoskeletal morbidity. Most of the data available on Morphometry of menisci in Indian population are through cadaveric studies and very few MRI studies are available to substantiate the available data. Aim of the study: To gather data on the Morphometry of menisci in South Indian population and compare it with the existing literature. Material and Method: 100 MRI images collected retrospectively were used to study menisci. Height and width of MM and LM were measured both in sagittal and coronal planes. Results: It was observed that in both sexes the height of the Anterior horn of Medial meniscus was significantly higher than that of Lateral meniscus. Width of the Anterior horn and body showed significantly higher values in Lateral meniscus whereas width of Posterior horn of Medial meniscus showed significantly higher values in both sexes. Height of Medial meniscus in all the segments was higher in males though the difference was significant only in anterior horn and Posterior horn segments. Height of Lateral meniscus was significantly higher in males in all the segments. Conclusion: Results of this study will add to the existing literature on the Morphometry of menisci and will serve as a database for patients undergoing meniscal allografts.
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Introduction: The anatomical knowledge of tracheobronchial tree and its variations will be useful in case ofmany interventional treatments. Hence we undertook the present study to document the variation in branchingpattern of segmental bronchi and its clinical implication.Materials and Methods: The Study was done on 30 right & 30 left formalin fixed adult lungs obtained from thecadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. The lung wasdissected along the primary bronchi to expose the branching pattern, till the segmental bronchi. Ramification ofbronchial tree was observed and photographed.Results: Regular pattern of B1 to B10 was found to be more on right side (76.6%), Absence of B7 was also more onright side. The pattern B7, B8+9+10(6.6%), was seen only on right side, whereas the patterns, B1+B2,B3, B7+8,B9+10,B7,B8,B9+10 and B7+8, B9,B10 was seen only in the left lungs. Two left lungs exhibited an accessory bronchusafter lingual division and three left lungs had three bronchi in lingual division.Conclusions: The knowledge of anatomical variability of branching pattern will be useful for interventionalradiologist, which would help to diagnose or predict many adverse outcomes of chest diseases at earlier stageand surgeons for planning segmental resections or pulmonary lobectomy.
ABSTRACT
Background: The greater palatine foramen (GPF) conducts greater palatine nerve, responsible for the innervationof posterior part of the hard palate. Anaesthetic block for greater palatine nerve is highly recommended forsurgical practices involving upper molar, maxillary sinus and nasal region. But the practical problem associatedwith anaesthesia is difficulty in locating the exact position of greater palatine foramen, leading to deliveringinsufficient anaesthetic solution. The greater palatine neurovascular structures enter the oral cavity through thegreater palatine foramen so this foramen should be approached carefully during any surgical procedures toavoid damage to these neurovascular structure.Materials and methods: 126 dried adult skull bones of unknown sex, obtained from the department of anatomy,MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital were used to locate the exact position of greater palatine foramen inrelation to bony landmarks. On both side, the distance of greater palatine foramen from midline maxillarysuture, posterior border of hardpalate, incisive fossa and lesser palatine foramen were measured with digitalvernier caliper. Location of GPF in relation to molar or premolar tooth was also noted. The data obtained wereanalyzed statistically by calculating mean and standard deviation. The percentage was calculated for the locationof GPF in relation to molar or premolar tooth.Result: In the present study of anthropometric analysis of greater palatine foramen of 126 dried skulls, it wasobserved that the most common location of greater palatine foramen was opposite to the third molar tooth. Themean distance between greater palatine foramen to mid maxillary suture was 13.71mm on right side and13.72mm on left side and posterior border of hard palate on right side was 4.62mm and 4.49mm on left side. Themean distance between greater palatine foramen and incisive fossa was 36.73mm and 36.66mm on the right andleft side respectively. The mean distance between greater palatine foramen and lesser palatine foramen was1.47mm on right side and 1.49 mm on left side.Conclusion: Results of present study may contribute greatly to the successful outcome of maxillofacial and oralsurgeries regional anaesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Background: The challenges faced by man in early days to provide the identity of an individual. Identity meansdetermination of distinctiveness of a person, which is very important in legal medicine and criminal investigation.Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation that deals with the identification based on lip traces. The lip prints areindividualistic like the finger prints and do not undergo alteration during the life of an individual. The aim of thepresent study to assess the lip print pattern of different individual in different quadrant of lip and to evaluate thelip prints for their uniqueness.Materials and method:The study was conducted on 100 medical students (50male and 50 females) of 18-23years from A.J.Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Lip stick was applied on the lips and print was takenwith the help of white bond paper. While studying the lip print 4 quadrants were made on the lips as upper rightand upper left and lower right and lower left. Predominant pattern in each quadrant is obtained by using Suzuki’sclassification and result s are analyzed statistically by calculating the percentage for each pattern in eachquadrant of lip.Result: The present study showed type 1(vertical) was the overall most common pattern among both male andfemales.In males, 40% were having type1(vertical), 26.5% of type3(branched), 13.5% of type2(partial length),12% of type 5(intersected) and 8% of type4 (reticular).In females, 37.5% were having type1(vertical), 22.5% of type2(partial length), 22% of type3(branched), 11% oftype 4 (reticular),and 7% of type 5(intersected).Conclusion: Study revealed that the lip prints pattern for each individual in each quadrant is unique. Lip printpatterns are constant do not change with time.Because of its uniqueness and constant nature it can be used inthe personal identification mainly for criminal and legal investigations.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The detail understanding about discrepancy in anatomy of glenoid cavity like different shape, sizeand dimensions are important for orthopaedicians and prosthetic designers. Studies concerning glenoidmorphometry among south Indians are scarce. Present study aims at obtaining anthropometric data of glenoidcavity in south Indian scapulae.Materials and Methods: A total of 72 dry adult unpaired scapulae of unknown age and sex were used in the study.Shape and diameters of glenoid fossa in each scapula were recorded and analysed statistically.Results: The average vertical diameter of glenoid fossa was 37.1mm on right side and 37.3mm on left side. Theaverage transverse I and II diameter was 23.3mm and 17.4mm on right side, 23.3mm and 17.7mm on the left side.The average spino-glenoid depth was 16.9 and 16.3mm on right and left side. The average Coraco-glenoiddistance was 25.1mm on both sides. The average acromio-glenoid distance was 32.2 and 32.6mm on right andleft side. Glenoid index was 63.2% on the right side and 62.4% on the left side.Conclusion: The findings of this study would assist to design proper size of glenoid component to be used in totalshoulder arthroplasty among south Indians